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INTRODUCTION: People with post-COVID-19 condition (PCC) suffer from a wide range of symptoms, including anxiety. Studies have already shown that cranial electrotherapy stimulation (CES) has a positive effect on anxiety in anxious people. This randomised, controlled, double-blind, single-centre pilot study aimed to investigate the effects of CES as an adjunctive therapy during rehabilitation on anxiety symptoms in people with PCC. METHODS: Adults with PCC were randomised to an intervention group with rehabilitation and CES (100 μA) or a control group with rehabilitation and sham stimulation. CES was applied via electrodes to the earlobes for 60 min daily for 3 weeks. The Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) score was collected at baseline and at discharge. RESULTS: Forty people with PCC completed the trial. We found that both groups with (n = 20) and without CES (n = 20) improved significantly in terms of change in the BAI score (CES: p = 0.037; sham: p = 0.018), with no difference between groups (p = 0.82). In a subgroup analysis of anxious patients only (BAI: ≥16 points, baseline score), both groups (CES: n = 10, sham: n = 10) significantly improved the BAI score (CES: p = 0.008; sham: p = 0.002) with no difference between groups (p = 0.69). CONCLUSION: This study suggests that CES had no additional benefit on anxiety symptoms during rehabilitation in people with PCC.
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